Means of production in Marxist theory refer to the physical, non-human inputs used to create economic value, such as tools, factories, and materials. Central to Marxism, they determine society's class structure and are vital to understanding capitalist exploitation. In the digital age, Marxist theory's concept of "means of production" takes on a new dimension when applied to information. Traditionally associated with physical tools and machinery, software and digital technology production is increasingly centred around communication. This shift reflects a fundamental change in how value is created and distributed in a knowledge-based economy. In this context, information includes data, software code, digital content, and the knowledge required to create and use technology. It is the raw material that powers the digital economy, much like steel and coal powered the industrial revolution. The centrality of information in software development and digital services means t...